Physics

Kinematics, circuits, optics, radioactive decay, spectroscopy, and simulators for wave interference, the double pendulum, and the kinetic theory of gases.

Physics problems usually reduce to one clean relationship applied without slips: the SUVAT equations for motion, momentum conservation in a collision, Hooke’s law for a spring, the thin-lens equation for optics, Ohm’s law for a circuit, exponential decay for a radioactive sample. Mechanics runs deepest here, through projectile flight, work and energy, and buoyancy in a fluid. Each instrument keeps its governing relationship one click away and states the assumptions behind it, so you spend your attention on the setup rather than the algebra.

The optical instruments run from the relation that links a wavelength to its frequency, through lens and mirror imaging, to wave interference and the absorbance of a sample. The double-slit page computes exact fringe positions and the full intensity profile for one slit, two slits, N slits, or a diffraction grating, with the single-slit envelope drawn separately from the interference term. Two further simulators run a system forward in time: the double pendulum integrates a chaotic system four ways and reports the energy error each integrator commits, and the kinetic theory page builds a speed histogram from event-driven hard-disk collisions and shows it converging onto the Maxwell-Boltzmann curve.

Mechanics and Motion

Solve constant-acceleration motion, spring and buoyant forces, projectiles, and the energy and momentum that carry through a system.