Math

Significant figures, scientific notation, dimensional analysis, printable graph paper, function graphing, and a visual explanation of eigenvectors and PCA.

This section covers the quantitative housekeeping that every science and statistics problem depends on: counting significant figures correctly, converting to and from scientific notation, and carrying units through a calculation so a dimensional mistake shows up before the answer does. The same care extends to the everyday conversions that trip people up: moving a pressure across eleven units at once on exact NIST factors, reducing a ratio to lowest terms with the GCD shown, or spelling a number into words with its short-scale and hyphenation rules stated up front rather than assumed. Every conversion shows the exact factor and rule it used, so the arithmetic underneath a science or statistics problem holds up to inspection.

It also produces printable graph paper and practice worksheets when you need to work a problem on paper. Use the function grapher to plot up to five real-valued functions, restrict their domains, and export a clean SVG without hiding gaps or asymptotes.

The section also covers the objects that arithmetic acts on. Use the eigenvectors and PCA page to rotate a line through a cloud of points until the spread along it is greatest, watch the perpendicular error fall by the same amount, and see that the direction you settled on is the top eigenvector of the covariance matrix. Every figure there is one you operate, and each step shows the numbers behind it, the same standard the converters hold to.